Choosing between IELTS and TOEFL depends on your target country, budget, and English skills—both tests are widely accepted, but they differ in format, cost, and difficulty. When I prepared for my study abroad applications in 2023, I initially registered for IELTS because I assumed it was the only option for UK universities. Then I discovered that most US and Canadian universities accept both tests equally, and TOEFL was actually cheaper. I ended up taking both tests (IELTS for my UK applications and TOEFL for the US), which gave me valuable insight into how they compare.
This guide breaks down everything Nigerian students need to know about IELTS vs TOEFL, including the major TOEFL scoring changes that took effect on January 21, 2026. If you are planning to study abroad, understanding these differences can save you money, time, and frustration.
Key Differences Between IELTS and TOEFL
Before diving into which test is better for you, let us understand what makes these two tests fundamentally different.
Test Format Comparison
| Feature | IELTS Academic | TOEFL iBT |
|---|---|---|
| Administered by | British Council, IDP, Cambridge | ETS (Educational Testing Service) |
| Test format | Paper-based or computer-based | Computer-based only |
| Total duration | 2 hours 45 minutes | Approximately 3-4 hours |
| Sections | Listening, Reading, Writing, Speaking | Reading, Listening, Speaking, Writing |
| Speaking format | Face-to-face with human examiner | Recorded responses to computer prompts |
| English accent | British, Australian, international | Primarily American |
| Score validity | 2 years | 2 years |
| Primary acceptance | UK, Australia, Europe, Canada | USA, Canada, many global institutions |
The most significant difference for Nigerian students is the speaking section format. IELTS requires you to have a conversation with a human examiner in a private room, while TOEFL requires you to speak into a microphone and record your responses to prompts displayed on a computer screen.
I found the TOEFL speaking section uncomfortable because I had to speak into a microphone with other test-takers nearby, all recording their responses simultaneously. With IELTS, the private room with the examiner felt more natural, though some people find the face-to-face format intimidating.
Scoring Systems Explained
IELTS Scoring:
- Uses a band score system from 0 to 9
- Scores given in 0.5 increments (e.g., 6.0, 6.5, 7.0)
- Overall band score is the average of four sections
- Most universities require 6.0 to 7.0 overall
TOEFL Scoring (Important Update): According to official ETS information and multiple university announcements including Cornell University and Rice University, TOEFL iBT underwent a major scoring change effective January 21, 2026. The previous 0-120 scale has been replaced with a new 1.0-6.0 scale.
Important 2026 TOEFL Score Scale Change
This is critical information for Nigerian students planning to take TOEFL:
Effective January 21, 2026, ETS launched an updated TOEFL iBT with a completely new scoring system. According to Cornell University’s Graduate School admissions page, the new score requirements apply to exams taken beginning January 2026.
What this means for Nigerian students:
| Aspect | Before January 21, 2026 | After January 21, 2026 |
|---|---|---|
| Score scale | 0-120 overall | 1.0-6.0 overall |
| Section scores | 0-30 per section | New scale per section |
| Score validity | Valid for 2 years | Valid for 2 years |
| University acceptance | Still accepted until 2028 | New requirements apply |
According to DePaul University’s international admissions page, scores from the current version (0-120 scale) are still valid for two years, meaning scores from tests taken before January 21, 2026, will be accepted through January 20, 2028. Universities will accept both versions of the test during this transition period.
New minimum requirements at major universities:
| University | New TOEFL Minimum (1-6 scale) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Cornell University | 4.0 minimum in all sub-scores | Graduate programs |
| Rice University | 4.5 overall | Graduate programs |
| DePaul University | 4.0 overall, no sub-score below 3.5 | CDM programs |
| University of Houston | Requirements being updated | Check specific programs |
If you took TOEFL before January 21, 2026, your old scores remain valid. If you are taking TOEFL now, you will receive scores on the new 1-6 scale. Always verify the specific requirements with your target university, as many institutions are still updating their published minimums.
IELTS and TOEFL: Which Is Easier?
This is the question I get asked most often by fellow Nigerian students. The honest answer is: it depends on your English learning background and personal preferences.
Is TOEFL Tougher Than IELTS?
Neither test is objectively harder—difficulty depends on several factors:
TOEFL may feel easier if you:
- Learned American English or consume American media regularly
- Prefer typing essays rather than handwriting
- Feel comfortable speaking to a computer rather than a person
- Want integrated tasks (combining reading, listening, and speaking)
IELTS may feel easier if you:
- Learned British English in Nigerian schools
- Prefer handwriting or have slow typing speed
- Want a natural conversation for the speaking test
- Prefer separate, focused tasks for each skill
Nigerian students who learned British English throughout primary and secondary school often find IELTS vocabulary and spelling more familiar. The British Council, which administers IELTS, also has a strong presence in Nigeria, making preparation resources more accessible.
What Is the Hardest Part of IELTS?
Based on my experience and feedback from other Nigerian test-takers:
Writing Task 2 is consistently rated as the most challenging section. You must write a 250-word essay in 40 minutes, presenting a well-structured argument with clear paragraphs, appropriate vocabulary, and proper grammar. Many Nigerian students struggle with time management here.
Speaking Part 2 (the cue card) also challenges many test-takers. You receive a topic and must speak for 1-2 minutes without interruption. Running out of things to say or going blank is a common fear.
For TOEFL, the integrated speaking tasks are often the hardest for Nigerian students. You must read a passage, listen to a lecture, then speak about both within 60 seconds—a format that requires quick processing and organization.
Which Test Suits Your English Style?
| If You… | Consider… |
|---|---|
| Watch American movies and TV shows | TOEFL |
| Learned British spelling (colour, organisation) | IELTS |
| Type faster than you write | TOEFL |
| Get nervous speaking to machines | IELTS |
| Want shorter overall test time | IELTS |
| Prefer academic American accent | TOEFL |
How Much Is TOEFL and IELTS in Nigeria?
Cost is a major factor for Nigerian students. Here is the current comparison:
Registration Fees Comparison
| Test | Approximate Cost (Nigeria) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| IELTS Academic | ₦120,000 – ₦140,000 | British Council or IDP |
| TOEFL iBT | ₦95,000 – ₦110,000 | ETS test centers |
| IELTS UKVI | ₦150,000+ | Required for some UK visas |
Note: Fees change periodically. Always verify current prices directly with test administrators.
Why Is TOEFL Cheaper Than IELTS?
According to information from TOEFL registration centers in Nigeria, TOEFL is generally cheaper because of different operational models:
- TOEFL is entirely computer-based, reducing staffing costs at test centers
- No human examiners needed for the speaking section (recorded responses are scored remotely)
- Centralized scoring by ETS rather than local examiners
- Different pricing strategies between ETS and British Council/IDP
The cost difference of ₦20,000-₦40,000 may seem small, but for many Nigerian students paying for tests, applications, and visa fees, every naira counts.
Additional Costs to Consider
Beyond registration fees, budget for:
| Expense | Estimated Cost |
|---|---|
| Preparation materials (books, courses) | ₦10,000 – ₦50,000 |
| Practice tests | ₦5,000 – ₦20,000 |
| Transportation to test center | Varies by location |
| Score report sending (additional copies) | ₦5,000 – ₦10,000 per report |
| Retake (if needed) | Full registration fee again |
I spent ₦25,000 on IELTS preparation materials before realizing that free ETS practice resources for TOEFL were just as comprehensive. If budget is tight, TOEFL’s free official preparation materials at the ETS website are excellent.
Do Universities Prefer TOEFL or IELTS?
The short answer: most universities accept both. However, preferences vary by country and institution.
US Universities: TOEFL or IELTS?
American universities have historically preferred TOEFL because it is administered by ETS, a US-based organization. However, according to multiple university admissions pages, IELTS is now equally accepted at most US institutions.
According to Rice University’s language proficiency requirements page, the university accepts TOEFL iBT (minimum 90 on old scale, 4.5 on new scale), IELTS (minimum 7.0), and even Duolingo English Test (minimum 115).
Key point: Some US universities like DePaul University waive English proficiency requirements entirely for students who earned a bachelor’s degree in certain English-speaking countries. According to DePaul’s admissions page, Nigeria is on their exemption list—if you have a degree from a Nigerian institution, you may not need IELTS or TOEFL at all. Always verify this with your specific program.
UK Universities: TOEFL or IELTS?
UK universities traditionally prefer IELTS because it is co-owned by the British Council and Cambridge. However, most UK universities also accept TOEFL.
Important for UK visa applications: For UK student visa purposes, you may need to take IELTS for UKVI (UK Visas and Immigration) rather than standard IELTS Academic. This is a slightly different test with specific requirements. Check the official UK Government visa guidance for current requirements.
For complete UK visa guidance, see our UK student visa Nigeria application guide.
Canadian and Australian Universities
Canada: Both tests are equally accepted. According to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC), either IELTS or TOEFL meets language requirements for study permits. Most Canadian universities require IELTS 6.5 or TOEFL 90 (old scale) / 4.0+ (new scale).
For Canadian study opportunities, explore our guide on Canada scholarships for Nigerians 2026.
Australia: IELTS is generally preferred and more commonly requested, but TOEFL is accepted at most institutions.
Can WAEC English Replace IELTS or TOEFL?
This is crucial information for Nigerian students that can save you significant money.
Some universities accept WAEC English grades as proof of English proficiency. According to various UK university requirements, a high score in English in WAEC exams may be accepted if taken within the last seven years.
However, this is not universal. Most universities, especially competitive programs, still require IELTS or TOEFL. Additionally, as noted above, some universities like DePaul University exempt Nigerian degree holders entirely from English proficiency testing.
My recommendation: Even if you believe your university might accept WAEC English, email their admissions office directly to confirm. I initially assumed my target university required IELTS, but when I emailed them, they confirmed TOEFL was also accepted—and it was cheaper.
For complete documentation requirements, see our guide on documents needed for studying abroad.
Is TOEFL or IELTS Compulsory for International Students?
Neither test is universally compulsory. Requirements depend on the country, institution, and your individual circumstances.
When You Must Take a Test
You typically need IELTS or TOEFL if:
- Your native language is not English
- You did not complete a degree in an English-speaking country
- Your target program specifically requires it
- Your country’s visa requirements mandate English proficiency proof
According to the official TOEFL eligibility information, there are no specific eligibility criteria prescribed by ETS for taking the exam. There is no age limit, though candidates under 18 need parental involvement during registration. You only need a valid passport for identification.
Exemptions and Alternatives
You may be exempt from English proficiency testing if:
| Situation | Likely Exempt? |
|---|---|
| Completed a degree in USA, UK, Canada, Australia, or other English-speaking countries | Yes |
| Have a degree from Nigeria (at some universities like DePaul) | Possibly |
| Scored high on WAEC/NECO English (at some universities) | Possibly |
| Native speaker from English-official country | Sometimes |
Always verify exemptions directly with your target institution. Do not assume you are exempt without written confirmation.
Which Test Is Better for Visa Applications?
Visa requirements differ from university admission requirements. Here is what you need to know:
UK Student Visa Requirements
For UK student visas, you typically need to demonstrate English proficiency at B2 level on the CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference). According to UK Government guidance, this can be proven through:
- IELTS for UKVI (specific version for visa applications)
- Degree from a majority English-speaking country
- Your university’s assessment (if they are a Student Route sponsor)
Important: Standard IELTS Academic may not be accepted for visa purposes in all cases. The IELTS for UKVI is specifically designed for UK visa applications and is more expensive.
US Student Visa Requirements
For US F-1 student visas, your university’s admission typically serves as proof of English ability. The embassy does not separately require IELTS or TOEFL scores beyond what your university needed for admission.
However, your visa interview is conducted in English, so you must demonstrate sufficient English speaking ability to the consular officer.
Canada and Australia Requirements
Canada: IRCC accepts both IELTS and TOEFL for study permit applications. IELTS is also accepted for express entry and other immigration pathways.
Australia: Both tests are accepted for student visa applications. Australia also accepts PTE Academic widely.
For Canadian visa guidance, see our Canada student visa for Nigerians guide.
IELTS and TOEFL Score Conversion
Understanding how scores compare between tests is essential when evaluating your options.
What Is 7.5 IELTS Equivalent to TOEFL?
Based on official ETS concordance data and university conversion tables:
| IELTS Band | Old TOEFL (0-120) | New TOEFL (1-6) | CEFR Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9.0 | 118-120 | ~6.0 | C2 (Proficient) |
| 8.5 | 115-117 | ~5.5-6.0 | C2 |
| 8.0 | 110-114 | ~5.0-5.5 | C1 (Advanced) |
| 7.5 | 102-109 | ~4.5-5.0 | C1 |
| 7.0 | 94-101 | ~4.0-4.5 | C1 |
| 6.5 | 79-93 | ~3.5-4.0 | B2 (Upper-Intermediate) |
| 6.0 | 60-78 | ~3.0-3.5 | B2 |
| 5.5 | 46-59 | ~2.5-3.0 | B1 (Intermediate) |
| 5.0 | 35-45 | ~2.0-2.5 | B1 |
An IELTS band score of 7.5 is approximately equivalent to 102-109 on the old TOEFL scale or roughly 4.5-5.0 on the new TOEFL scale. This corresponds to C1 level on the CEFR, indicating advanced English proficiency suitable for most graduate programs.
Which TOEFL Score Is B2?
On the CEFR scale, B2 (Upper-Intermediate) corresponds to:
- Old TOEFL scale (0-120): Approximately 60-93 points
- New TOEFL scale (1-6): Approximately 3.0-4.0 points
- IELTS equivalent: 5.5-6.5 band score
B2 indicates upper-intermediate English proficiency, which meets the minimum requirement for many undergraduate programs. However, competitive graduate programs typically require C1 level (IELTS 7.0+ or TOEFL 94+/4.0+).
Is 7.5 a Good Score for IELTS?
Yes, 7.5 is an excellent score. It places you in the “Good User” category and qualifies you for virtually any English-taught program worldwide.
| Score Range | Rating | University Eligibility |
|---|---|---|
| 8.0-9.0 | Very Good to Expert | All programs, including most competitive |
| 7.0-7.5 | Good User | Most programs, including many postgraduate |
| 6.0-6.5 | Competent User | Most undergraduate, some postgraduate |
| 5.0-5.5 | Modest User | Foundation programs, some undergraduate |
Most UK universities require 6.5 for undergraduate and 7.0 for postgraduate programs. A score of 7.5 exceeds these requirements and strengthens your application.
Is 72 a Good Score in TOEFL?
A TOEFL score of 72 on the old 0-120 scale is below average for most university admissions.
According to University of Houston’s admissions requirements, most universities require a minimum TOEFL iBT score of 79 or higher. Some programs require 90-100+.
| Old TOEFL Score | Assessment | Typical Outcome |
|---|---|---|
| 100+ | Competitive | Qualifies for most programs |
| 90-99 | Good | Meets most requirements |
| 79-89 | Acceptable | Meets minimum at many universities |
| 72 | Below average | May qualify for conditional admission only |
| 60-71 | Low | Pathway programs or retake needed |
A score of 72 might qualify you for conditional admission or English pathway programs at some institutions. However, you would likely need to retake the test for full admission to most competitive programs.
Test Availability in Nigeria
Planning when and where to take your test is crucial for meeting application deadlines.
How Many Times Is TOEFL Written in a Year in Nigeria?
According to TOEFL registration information for Nigeria, TOEFL is available year-round, with tests offered mostly on weekends throughout the year. There is no limit to how many times you can take the test, though you must wait at least 3 days between attempts.
2025-2026 TOEFL Test Dates in Nigeria (Sample):
| Month | Available Dates |
|---|---|
| January 2026 | 3rd, 7th, 17th, 24th, 30th |
| February 2026 | 4th, 7th, 11th, 21st, 28th |
| Ongoing | Multiple dates monthly |
TOEFL Home Edition is also available for candidates who prefer to test from home, subject to equipment and environment requirements.
Registration timing: According to ETS guidelines, register at least 3 weeks before your preferred test date. Popular dates fill quickly.
IELTS Test Dates and Centers
IELTS is administered by British Council and IDP in Nigeria, with regular test dates throughout the year. However, IELTS typically has fewer available dates than TOEFL.
When I booked my IELTS test in Lagos, the next available slot was 5 weeks away. TOEFL had availability within 2 weeks. If you have tight deadlines, check availability for both tests before deciding.
Where to Register in Lagos, Abuja, and Other Cities
TOEFL Test Centers in Nigeria:
- Lagos
- Abuja
- Port Harcourt
- Ibadan
- Owerri
- Asaba
- Enugu
- Jos
IELTS Test Centers:
- British Council locations (Lagos, Abuja, Port Harcourt, Kano)
- IDP locations in major cities
For TOEFL registration, you can register online through the official ETS website or through authorized test centers. According to registration information, only a valid international passport is required as identification for test takers in Nigeria.
Should You Prepare for TOEFL or IELTS?
After comparing both tests, here is how to make your decision.
Factors to Consider Before Choosing
| Factor | Choose IELTS | Choose TOEFL |
|---|---|---|
| Target country | UK, Australia primarily | USA primarily |
| Budget | Have higher budget | Need lower cost option |
| Speaking preference | Prefer face-to-face | Comfortable with computer |
| English background | British English trained | American English familiar |
| Typing speed | Slow typist | Fast typist |
| Test availability | Flexible timeline | Need sooner test date |
| University requirement | Specifically requires IELTS | Accepts either or prefers TOEFL |
Decision Framework for Nigerian Students
Step 1: Check your target university’s requirements
- Does your program accept both tests?
- Is one preferred over the other?
- Are you exempt based on your qualifications?
Step 2: Consider the visa requirements
- For UK: Do you need IELTS for UKVI specifically?
- For US/Canada: Either test typically works
Step 3: Evaluate your English style
- Did you learn British or American English?
- Which accent do you understand better?
Step 4: Factor in cost and availability
- TOEFL is typically ₦20,000-₦40,000 cheaper
- TOEFL often has more available test dates
Step 5: Consider your test-taking preferences
- IELTS speaking: Human conversation (more natural, more pressure)
- TOEFL speaking: Computer recording (less personal, can feel awkward)
My recommendation for most Nigerian students: If your target universities accept both tests equally, start by checking TOEFL availability and cost. The lower price and more frequent test dates make it practical for many Nigerian students. However, if you are specifically targeting UK universities and will need a UK visa, consider IELTS for UKVI to avoid complications.
Other English Proficiency Test Options
IELTS and TOEFL are not your only options. Alternative tests are gaining acceptance.
Duolingo English Test
Pros:
- Much cheaper than IELTS or TOEFL (approximately $59)
- Can be taken at home, anytime
- Results in 48 hours
- Growing university acceptance
Cons:
- Not accepted by all universities
- Not accepted for many visa applications
- Relatively new, less established
According to Rice University’s admissions page, they accept Duolingo English Test with a minimum score of 115. Check your specific university’s acceptance before relying on Duolingo.
PTE Academic
Pros:
- Computer-based, similar to TOEFL
- Fast results (typically 48 hours)
- Widely accepted in UK and Australia
Cons:
- Limited test centers in Nigeria
- Not as widely accepted in USA
- Can be expensive
According to DePaul University’s requirements, they accept PTE Academic with a minimum score of 53.
When WAEC English Is Enough
For some programs, your WAEC/NECO English grade may be sufficient. This is most common for:
- UK undergraduate programs (some universities)
- Programs specifically designed for Nigerian students
- Universities with Nigerian degree exemptions
However, never assume WAEC is accepted without written confirmation from your target institution. For comprehensive information on required documents, see our documents needed for studying abroad guide.
Preparing for Your Chosen Test
Once you decide between IELTS and TOEFL, effective preparation is essential.
Preparation Timeline
| Weeks Before Test | Actions |
|---|---|
| 8-12 weeks | Begin diagnostic test, identify weaknesses |
| 6-8 weeks | Focused study on weak sections |
| 4-6 weeks | Full practice tests under timed conditions |
| 2-4 weeks | Review mistakes, refine strategies |
| 1 week | Light review, rest, logistics preparation |
Free and Low-Cost Resources
For TOEFL:
- ETS TOEFL Practice Tests (official, free)
- ETS TOEFL Preparation materials
- YouTube channels with American English content
For IELTS:
- British Council free practice materials
- IDP IELTS preparation resources
- BBC Learning English
I spent money on expensive preparation courses before discovering that free official resources were comprehensive enough. Start with free materials before investing in paid courses.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is TOEFL tougher than IELTS?
Neither test is objectively harder—difficulty depends on your English learning background and preferences. TOEFL uses American English and requires speaking into a computer, which some find awkward. IELTS uses British English and has a face-to-face speaking component, which can feel more natural but also more intimidating. Nigerian students who learned British English in school often find IELTS slightly more familiar, while those comfortable with American media may prefer TOEFL.
What is 7.5 IELTS equivalent to TOEFL?
An IELTS band score of 7.5 is approximately equivalent to 102-109 on the old TOEFL scale (0-120) or roughly 4.5-5.0 on the new TOEFL scale (1-6) that took effect January 21, 2026. This corresponds to a C1 level on the CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference), indicating advanced English proficiency sufficient for most graduate programs.
Is 72 a good score in TOEFL?
A TOEFL score of 72 (on the old 0-120 scale) is below average for most university admissions. According to University of Houston’s requirements, most universities require 79-90 minimum, with competitive programs requiring 100+. A score of 72 might qualify you for conditional admission or English pathway programs at some institutions, but you would likely need to retake the test for full admission to most programs.
Which TOEFL score is B2?
On the CEFR scale, B2 (Upper-Intermediate) corresponds to approximately 60-93 points on the old TOEFL scale (0-120) or approximately 3.0-4.0 on the new scale (1-6). B2 indicates upper-intermediate English proficiency, which meets the minimum requirement for many undergraduate programs but may be insufficient for competitive graduate programs that typically require C1 level.
How many times is TOEFL written in a year in Nigeria?
According to TOEFL registration information, TOEFL is available year-round in Nigeria, with tests offered mostly on weekends throughout the year. Test centers operate in Lagos, Abuja, Port Harcourt, Ibadan, Owerri, Asaba, Enugu, and Jos. You should register at least three weeks before your preferred test date. There is no limit on how many times you can take the test, though you must wait at least 3 days between attempts.
Why is TOEFL cheaper than IELTS?
TOEFL is generally cheaper than IELTS in Nigeria because of different operational models. TOEFL is administered entirely by computer at test centers, reducing staffing costs. IELTS requires human examiners for the speaking component, which increases operational expenses. Additionally, ETS (TOEFL administrator) and British Council/IDP (IELTS administrators) have different pricing structures and overhead costs.
Is TOEFL or IELTS compulsory for international students?
Neither test is universally compulsory. According to TOEFL eligibility information, there are no specific eligibility criteria prescribed by ETS. Requirements depend on your target country, institution, and individual circumstances. Some universities exempt students who have degrees from English-speaking countries or from countries like Nigeria. Always verify specific requirements with your target institution.
Can Nigerian students be exempt from English proficiency tests?
Some universities exempt Nigerian students from English proficiency testing. According to DePaul University’s admissions page, Nigeria is on their exemption list—if you have a degree from a Nigerian institution, you may not need IELTS or TOEFL. However, this varies by university. Always verify exemption status directly with your target institution before skipping the test.
Decision Checklist: IELTS vs TOEFL
Before making your final choice, use this checklist:
| Question | Your Answer | Implication |
|---|---|---|
| Does your university accept both tests? | Yes / No | If no, take the required one |
| Is your primary destination USA? | Yes / No | If yes, consider TOEFL |
| Is your primary destination UK? | Yes / No | If yes, consider IELTS (check UKVI requirements) |
| Is budget a major concern? | Yes / No | If yes, TOEFL is typically cheaper |
| Do you prefer speaking to a human? | Yes / No | If yes, IELTS may suit you better |
| Did you learn British English in school? | Yes / No | If yes, IELTS vocabulary may feel familiar |
| Do you need a test date soon? | Yes / No | If yes, check TOEFL availability first |
| Are you a fast typist? | Yes / No | If yes, TOEFL computer format may suit you |
For related study abroad information, explore our guides on:
- DAAD Scholarship for Germany
- Scholarships in Germany without IELTS for Nigerians
- How to work as a nurse in the UK from Nigeria
- Germany Job Seeker Visa for Nigerians
When verifying current requirements, always check official sources:
- TOEFL: Official ETS website at ets.org
- IELTS: British Council at britishcouncil.org or IDP at idp.com
- UK Visas: Official UK Government website at gov.uk
- Canada Immigration: IRCC at canada.ca
- US Student Visas: U.S. Department of State at travel.state.gov
